Bomba (Puerto Rico)

Bomba
Bomba
	Dancing bomba and plena
Stylistic origins	West African music;
Cultural origins	17th century, Puerto Rico
Typical instruments	Barril de bomba; subidor; cuá; maracas;
Other topics
	Music of Puerto Rico

Bomba is an umbrella term that refers to a variety of musical styles and associated dances originating in Puerto Rico.^[1] It was developed by enslaved Africans and their descendants in sugar plantations along coastal towns, most notably Loiza, Mayagüez, Ponce, and San Juan, during the 17th century. It is the island's oldest musical tradition.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

Bomba reflects a syncretism of Puerto Rico’s many cultural groups. It incorporates Taíno instruments such as the maraca; characteristics from traditional European dances like rigadoons, quadrilles and mazurkas; and drum ensembles and drummer/dancer interaction that bear close resemblance to a number of West African musical styles.^[6]^[2]^[7] The music also evolved through contact between enslaved populations from different Caribbean colonies and regions, including the Dutch colonies, Cuba, Santo Domingo, and Haiti.^[8]^[9]

^ Cite error: The named reference Smithsonian - Los Pleneros was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b Ferreras, S. E. (2005). Solo drumming in the Puerto Rican bomba: An analysis of musical processes and improvisational strategies (thesis). Online
^ "Bomba Landscapes: The Flow of People, Technology, and the Music Industry". Smithsonian Folkways Recordings. Retrieved 2024-01-11.
^ "Bomba: The Sound of Puerto Rico's African Heritage - NAfME". nafme.org/. Retrieved 2024-01-11.
^ Cite error: The named reference NYT 2018 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "Wooden one-piece maraca, Taíno culture (11th - 15th centuries)". International Council of Museums. Retrieved 2024-01-11.
^ Vega Drouet, Hector (1979). Historical and Ethnological Survey on the Probable African Origins of the Puerto Rican Bomba (thesis).
^ Cite error: The named reference Smithsonian Folkways Recordings 2009 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Rivera, Raquel Z. (2010), Diouf, Mamadou; Nwankwo, Ifeoma Kiddoe (eds.), "New York Bomba: Puerto Ricans, Dominicans, and a Bridge Called Haiti", Rhythms of the Afro-Atlantic World, Rituals and Remembrances, University of Michigan Press, pp. 178–199, ISBN 978-0-472-07096-1, retrieved 2024-01-17

[Smithsonian_-_Los_Pleneros-1] Cite error: The named reference Smithsonian - Los Pleneros was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[:0-2] Ferreras, S. E. (2005). Solo drumming in the Puerto Rican bomba: An analysis of musical processes and improvisational strategies (thesis). Online

[3] "Bomba Landscapes: The Flow of People, Technology, and the Music Industry". Smithsonian Folkways Recordings. Retrieved 2024-01-11.

[:1-4] "Bomba: The Sound of Puerto Rico's African Heritage - NAfME". nafme.org/. Retrieved 2024-01-11.

[NYT_2018-5] Cite error: The named reference NYT 2018 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[6] "Wooden one-piece maraca, Taíno culture (11th - 15th centuries)". International Council of Museums. Retrieved 2024-01-11.

[7] Vega Drouet, Hector (1979). Historical and Ethnological Survey on the Probable African Origins of the Puerto Rican Bomba (thesis).

[Smithsonian_Folkways_Recordings_2009-8] Cite error: The named reference Smithsonian Folkways Recordings 2009 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[9] Rivera, Raquel Z. (2010), Diouf, Mamadou; Nwankwo, Ifeoma Kiddoe (eds.), "New York Bomba: Puerto Ricans, Dominicans, and a Bridge Called Haiti", Rhythms of the Afro-Atlantic World, Rituals and Remembrances, University of Michigan Press, pp. 178–199, ISBN 978-0-472-07096-1, retrieved 2024-01-17

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Bomba
Dancing bomba and plena
Stylistic origins	West African music
Cultural origins	17th century, Puerto Rico
Typical instruments	Barril de bomba subidor cuá maracas
Other topics
Music of Puerto Rico